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1.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 53(3): 150-156, mar. 2017. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-161799

RESUMO

La afectación muscular del paciente crítico está presente en la mayoría de pacientes que ingresan en el servicio de medicina intensiva (SMI). La alteración, en particular, del músculo diafragmático, inicialmente englobada en esta categoría, se ha diferenciado en los últimos años y se ha demostrado la existencia de una disfunción muscular propia de los pacientes sometidos a ventilación mecánica. En este subgrupo de pacientes encontramos una disfunción muscular que aparece de manera precoz después del inicio de la ventilación mecánica y que se relaciona principalmente con el uso de modalidades control, la presencia de sepsis y/o de fracaso multiorgánico. Aunque se desconoce la etiología concreta que desencadena el proceso, el músculo presenta procesos de estrés oxidativo y alteración mitocondrial que provocan un desequilibrio en la síntesis proteica, con el resultado de atrofia y alteración de la contractilidad y, como consecuencia, una menor funcionalidad. No fue, de hecho, hasta 2004 cuando Vassilakopoulos et al. describieron el término «disfunción diafragmática asociada a ventilación mecánica», que, junto a la lesión por sobredistensión pulmonar y por barotrauma, representan un reto en el día a día de los pacientes ventilados. La disfunción diafragmática tiene influencia en el pronóstico, retardando la extubación, aumentando la estancia hospitalaria y afectando la calidad de vida de estos pacientes en los años siguientes al alta hospitalaria. La ecografía, como técnica no invasiva y accesible en la mayoría de unidades, podría ser de utilidad en el diagnóstico precoz para iniciar, de forma avanzada, la rehabilitación e influir positivamente en el pronóstico de estos enfermos


Muscle involvement is found in most critical patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Diaphragmatic muscle alteration, initially included in this category, has been differentiated in recent years, and a specific type of muscular dysfunction has been shown to occur in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. We found this muscle dysfunction to appear in this subgroup of patients shortly after the start of mechanical ventilation, observing it to be mainly associated with certain control modes, and also with sepsis and/or multi-organ failure. Although the specific etiology of process is unknown, the muscle presents oxidative stress and mitochondrial changes. These cause changes in protein turnover, resulting in atrophy and impaired contractility, and leading to impaired functionality. The term ‘ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction’ was first coined by Vassilakopoulos et al. in 2004, and this phenomenon, along with injury cause by over-distention of the lung and barotrauma, represents a challenge in the daily life of ventilated patients. Diaphragmatic dysfunction affects prognosis by delaying extubation, prolonging hospital stay, and impairing the quality of life of these patients in the years following hospital discharge. Ultrasound, a non-invasive technique that is readily available in most ICUs, could be used to diagnose this condition promptly, thus preventing delays in starting rehabilitation and positively influencing prognosis in these patients


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Doenças Musculares/terapia , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/patologia , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/ultraestrutura , Proteínas/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos da radiação , Oxigênio/uso terapêutico , Diafragma/patologia , Diafragma
2.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 53(3): 150-156, 2017 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27553431

RESUMO

Muscle involvement is found in most critical patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Diaphragmatic muscle alteration, initially included in this category, has been differentiated in recent years, and a specific type of muscular dysfunction has been shown to occur in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. We found this muscle dysfunction to appear in this subgroup of patients shortly after the start of mechanical ventilation, observing it to be mainly associated with certain control modes, and also with sepsis and/or multi-organ failure. Although the specific etiology of process is unknown, the muscle presents oxidative stress and mitochondrial changes. These cause changes in protein turnover, resulting in atrophy and impaired contractility, and leading to impaired functionality. The term 'ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction' was first coined by Vassilakopoulos et al. in 2004, and this phenomenon, along with injury cause by over-distention of the lung and barotrauma, represents a challenge in the daily life of ventilated patients. Diaphragmatic dysfunction affects prognosis by delaying extubation, prolonging hospital stay, and impairing the quality of life of these patients in the years following hospital discharge. Ultrasound, a non-invasive technique that is readily available in most ICUs, could be used to diagnose this condition promptly, thus preventing delays in starting rehabilitation and positively influencing prognosis in these patients.


Assuntos
Diafragma/fisiopatologia , Respiração Artificial , Humanos
3.
Pediatr. catalan ; 69(6): 291-293, nov.-dic. 2009. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-79237

RESUMO

Las enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas son poco frecuentesen nuestro medio, aunque el antecedente de picadura y la presenciade síntomas como la fiebre y el rash obligan a descartar lafiebre botonosa o la enfermedad de Lyme.Una enfermedad emergente es la llamada TIBOLA o DEBONEL, quese presenta como una linfadenitis occipital con escara en el cuerocabelludo. Es una enfermedad transmitida por garrapatas que sepuede diagnosticar por las características clínicas que presenta.Se describe el caso de un niño de 9 años que consulta por adenopatíasdolorosas en zona occipital y cervical posterior y febrícula.Nen amb adenopaties doloroses occipitalsi febreta: TIBOLAAsunción Clopés, Rosa Rovira, Manuel Andrés Samper, Francisco J. Sanchís, Luis-EnriqueDelgado, Pilar TerradasServei de Pediatria. Pius Hospital de Valls. Valls. TarragonaEl diagnóstico de sospecha ante la presencia de escara en el cuerocabelludo y el antecedente de picadura de garrapata se confirmópor una serología cruzada positiva a Rickettsia conorii. Se efectuótratamiento con eritromicina con buena respuesta clínica y conuna alopecia cicatricial como secuela.Esta enfermedad está provocada por Rickettsia slovaca, germentransmitido por garrapatas, siendo un cuadro con pocas referenciasen nuestro medio, habitualmente por confundir la reacciónadenopática con una sobreinfección bacteriana.Ante un paciente con adenitis occipital y el antecedente de picadurapor garrapata y/o escara en el cuero cabelludo el diagnósticode TIBOLA es el más probable(AU)


Tick-borne diseases are rare in our environment; for usual differentialdiagnosis of, fever and rash in the presence of history oftick-bite, boutoneusse fever or Lyme disease should be considered.TIBOLA is an emergent tick-borne disease that presents with occipitallymphadenitis and a scalp eschar; this entity should be easyto diagnose based on its clinical presentation.We describe the case of a 9 year-old boy who presented with tenderoccipital lymphadenopathies and low-grade fever. In the presenceof a scalp eschar and the history of tick-bite, the diagnosisof TIBOLA was suspected, which was confirmed with cross-positiveserology to Rickettsia conorii. Treatment with erythromycin wasadministered, with prompt improvement of the symptoms and theonly sequel of residual alopecia at the eschar site.TIBOLA is caused by Rickettsia slovaca; there are few reports ofthis entity in our region, probably because it is often misdiagnosedas bacterial lymphadenitis.TIBOLA should be suspected in any patient that presents with occipitallymphadenitis and history of tick-bite or scalp eschar(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Infestações por Carrapato/tratamento farmacológico , Carrapatos/patogenicidade , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/complicações , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/terapia , Rickettsia conorii/isolamento & purificação , Rickettsia conorii/patogenicidade , Cicatriz/tratamento farmacológico , Cicatriz/parasitologia , Infestações por Carrapato/complicações , Infestações por Carrapato/diagnóstico , Linfadenite/complicações , Couro Cabeludo/patologia
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